Biocompatible magnesium-doped biphasic calcium phosphate for bone regeneration

Authors : Rama Ballouze, Muhammad Hanif Marahat, Sharlina Mohamad, Nor Aini Saidin, Shah Rizal Kasim, Jer Ping Ooi 

Title of Publication : Biocompatible magnesium-doped biphasic calcium phosphate for bone regeneration

Journal Name : Journal Of Biomedical Materials Research Part B-applied Biomaterials

Quartile : Q2

Impact Factor : 3.368

Link : https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.34802

Description : Autologous bone grafting remains the gold standard for almost all bone void-filling orthopedic surgery. However, autologous bone grafting has several limitations, thus scientists are trying to identify an ideal synthetic material as an alternative bone graft substitute. Magnesium-doped biphasic calcium phosphate (Mg-BCP) has recently been in the spotlight and is considered to be a potential bone substitute. The Mg-BCP is a mixture of two bioceramics, that is, hydroxyapatite (HA) and ?-tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP), doped with Mg2+, and can be synthesized through chemical wet-precipitation, sol–gel, single diffusion gel, and solid state reactions. Regardless of the synthesis routes, it is found that the Mg2+ preferentially accommodates in ?-TCP lattice instead of the HA lattice. The addition of Mg2+ to BCP leads to desirable physicochemical properties and is found to enhance the apatite-forming ability as compared to pristine BCP. In vitro results suggest that the Mg-BCP is bioactive and not toxic to cells. Implantation of Mg-BCP in in vivo models further affirmed its biocompatibility and efficacy as a bone substitute. However, like the other bioceramics, the optimum physicochemical properties of the Mg-BCP scaffold have yet to be determined. Further investigations are required regarding Mg-BCP applications in bone tissue engineering.